Civil Law - Legal Guide
Civil law encompasses all non-criminal legal disputes between individuals, organizations, or government entities. It is primarily governed by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), and various substantive laws such as the Indian Contract Act, Transfer of Property Act, Specific Relief Act, Hindu Succession Act, among others.
We provide end-to-end legal services for both Plaintiffs (those filing the case) and Defendants (those defending against the case), with precision, professionalism, and strategic planning.
1. Suit for Recovery of Money
- Relevant Sections: Order 4, Order 7, Order 37 CPC; Section 73-75 Indian Contract Act.
- Plaintiff: Initiates a summary or ordinary suit to recover dues from personal loans, business debts, or unpaid invoices.
- Defendant: Challenges the claim by proving no enforceable agreement, payment already made, or the suit being time-barred under the Limitation Act, 1963.
Keywords: money recovery lawyer, summary suit, debt recovery legal help.
2. Partition of Ancestral and Joint Property
- Relevant Laws: Hindu Succession Act, Indian Succession Act.
- Plaintiff: Seeks partition of ancestral or joint family property by metes and bounds.
- Defendant: Opposes based on relinquishment deeds, oral partitions, or claims of adverse possession.
- Keywords: partition suit lawyer, ancestral property division, family property dispute.
3. Suit for Specific Performance of Contracts
- Relevant Sections: Section 10-14 Specific Relief Act, 1963.
- Plaintiff: Requests court to enforce a valid contract where compensation is inadequate.
- Defendant: Argues impossibility, readiness and willingness not proved, or hardship.
- Keywords: specific performance case, enforce contract lawyer, breach of contract remedy.
4. Injunctions (Temporary and Permanent)
- Relevant Sections: Order 39 CPC; Section 36-42 Specific Relief Act.
- Plaintiff: Seeks court order to restrain defendant from doing certain acts.
- Defendant: Argues no prima facie case, or balance of convenience lies in their favor.
- Keywords: injunction order India, civil injunction lawyer, stop property sale case.
5. Property Title and Ownership Disputes
- Relevant Laws: Transfer of Property Act, Registration Act, Indian Evidence Act.
- Plaintiff: Asserts ownership over disputed land based on title documents.
- Defendant: Challenges authenticity, claims forged documents or fraudulent registration.
- Keywords: property dispute lawyer, land ownership case, illegal possession suit.
6. Declaration of Legal Rights
- Relevant Section: Section 34 of Specific Relief Act.
- Plaintiff: Files for declaration of status, title, or validity of a document.
- Defendant: Disputes by proving alternative title or document.
- Keywords: declaration suit India, legal status declaration, civil declaration lawyer.
7. Eviction and Rent Disputes
- Relevant Law: Local Rent Control Acts (e.g., Haryana Urban Rent Control Act).
- Landlord (Plaintiff): Files for eviction due to non-payment, sub-letting, or misuse.
- Tenant (Defendant): Seeks protection under rent act, proves regular payment, or personal necessity not genuine.
- Keywords: eviction lawyer, tenant eviction suit, landlord rights India.
8. Consumer Disputes
- Relevant Law: Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
- Complainant: Files for compensation due to deficiency in service or product defect.
- Opposite Party: Argues no negligence, or delay due to uncontrollable factors.
- Keywords: consumer court lawyer, product defect case, service deficiency complaint.
9. Execution of Civil Decrees
- Relevant Law: Order 21 CPC.
- Decree Holder: Moves to enforce money decrees, possession orders.
- Judgment Debtor: Seeks stay, installment payment, or exemption.
- Keywords: execute civil decree, property attachment order, money decree execution.
10. Succession and Probate Matters
- Relevant Law: Indian Succession Act, Hindu Succession Act.
- Petitioner: Files for probate, letters of administration, succession certificate.
- Objector: Challenges based on forged will, undue influence, or intestate succession.
- Keywords: probate lawyer India, succession certificate help, legal heir claim.
11. Adverse Possession Claims
- Relevant Law: Limitation Act.
- Plaintiff: May be dispossessed illegally, files for possession.
- Defendant: Claims possession for over 12 years with hostile intent and open possession.
- Keywords: adverse possession case, claim land ownership, illegal land occupation.
12. Encroachment and Injunctions
- Plaintiff: Files suit for possession or mandatory injunction.
- Defendant: Disputes title or claims prior possession.
- Keywords: encroachment lawyer, land trespass case, illegal construction suit.
13. Civil Appeals and Revisions
- Relevant Sections: Section 96 to 100, 115 CPC.
- Appellant: Challenges a decree in appeal or revises interlocutory order.
- Respondent: Defends decree based on law and facts.
- Keywords: civil appeal lawyer, file revision in High Court, appeal civil judgment.
14. Public Nuisance and Environmental Damage
- Relevant Law: Civil torts and environmental law.
- Plaintiff: Seeks injunction and compensation for pollution, noise, public inconvenience.
- Defendant: Shows compliance or no legal breach.
- Keywords: public nuisance case India, neighborhood noise complaint, civil pollution case.
15. Legal Heirship and Family Disputes
- Relevant Law: Hindu Succession Act, Indian Succession Act.
- Plaintiff: Files for legal heir declaration, share in property.
- Defendant: Challenges relationship, will, or waiver.
- Keywords: legal heir certificate lawyer, family partition suit, civil family dispute.
16. Civil Contempt Petitions
- Relevant Law: Contempt of Courts Act, 1971.
- Petitioner: Seeks action for violation of civil decree.
- Respondent: Proves no willful disobedience or compliance within time.
- Keywords: contempt petition civil case, decree violation, civil contempt lawyer.
17. Tort Claims and Personal Injury
- Plaintiff: Claims damages for accident, negligence, defamation.
- Defendant: Disputes negligence, causation, or quantum.
- Keywords: tort lawyer India, personal injury claim, negligence compensation suit.
Conclusion
Our civil litigation services span across district courts, tribunals, and High Courts, with dedicated case-specific strategies tailored for both plaintiffs and defendants. Whether it’s land, money, family, or commercial disputes—our team ensures legal excellence and results.
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